![]() All reported findings are based on these weighted data. Because quota sampling did not lead to complete representativeness by country, collected data were weighted based on statistics from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development for each country by age group, gender, and region. There was an approximately even split in terms of gender (51♴% male, 48♶% female) and age group (49% aged 16–20 51% aged 21–25 years mean age 20♸2 years appendix p 2). Quota sampling was used, based on age, gender, and region. Data collection ended in each country once 1000 complete, anonymised responses were obtained. Data quality tools removed fraudulent survey data, such as from respondents who attempted to complete the survey multiple times, or those completing it far more quickly than the average. 15 543 people began the survey and 10 000 (68%) completed it. Before accessing surveys, participants were informed of the survey length but not the topic. Invitations to participate were available to eligible panellists between May 18 and June 7, 2021. We also considered legal reports from the past 2 years relating to human rights and climate change. Findings from these searches, and resulting publications, inform this study. Before the study (between 20), several of the coauthors had conducted a range of conceptually guided explorations of the scarce literature on children's emotions in relation to climate change, and existing psychological measures of climate anxiety, in English and Finnish. Emerging evidence suggests that young people are also more burdened by the indirect impacts of climate change, such as climate anxiety, which affects psychosocial health and wellbeing, and might exacerbate pre-existing mental health problems in some children. The direct impacts of climate change disproportionately burden children and young people, at the same time as they are developing psychologically, physically, socially, and neurologically. ![]() ![]() Previous studies have shown that psychological distress about climate change exists, with affective, cognitive, and behavioural dimensions.
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